Factors influencing the work of researchers in Scientific Initiation: A systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Scientific Initiation (SI) is an educational activity that allows students to begin their scientific training and research under the guidance of an experienced researcher. While several studies have examined students' perceptions of SI, research on the perspective of researchers working in this field is currently lacking. Thus, this study's aim is to describe the protocol design for conducting a systematic review. At the same time, the review aims also to identify factors influencing the work of researchers in SI and explore the motivations leading researchers to engage in research projects within institutions and their respective impacts. METHOD AND ANALYSES: Literature search will be done using the bibliographic databases, including Academic Search Premier, APA PsycNet, CINAHL Plus, ERIC, SocINDEX, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy was guided by the PICo framework (Population, phenomenon of Interest, and Context). The preparation and development of this protocol following guidelines were employed: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015), Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies 2015 (PRESS 2015), and PRISMA-Search (PRISMA-S). Original, peer-reviewed articles that examine the factors related to the work of researchers in SI will be included without any language or publication date restrictions. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies will be screened by two independent researchers. The included studies will be analyzed to identify factors, policies, and their impacts obtained analytically. Findings will be objectively categorized and synthetically represented through figures, diagrams, and graphic models. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and the Downs and Black checklists. A third senior reviewer will resolve any discrepancies. DISCUSSION: We aim to understand the factors that drive researchers to engage in SI research through the dissemination of the findings of this systematic review. This may aid the development of institutional strategies and actions that can support the enhancement of SI programs and encourage greater researcher participation.

The effects of DNA profiles: Measuring the effectiveness of DNA banks in criminal investigations in Brazil.

Since 2013, the Brazilian National Bank of Genetic Profiles (BNPG) of the Integrated Network of Genetic Profiles Bank (RIBPG) has been used to aid investigations, identifying who committed a crime based on biological samples found at crime scenes or on victims, which may be substantial evidence in a criminal case. This research evaluates the extent to which the types of genetic profiles and the number of hits influence the number of investigations aided. The study used data from institutions of the RIBPG adopting the period from 2016 to 2020 and organized them in a stacked panel with 98 observations. A regression mediation model was built to estimate the influence of the independent variables "forensic unknown profiles," "profiles of convicted offenders," and "profiles of suspected perpetrators or legal profiles" when mediated by the "hits" variable, influence the increase of the dependent variable "investigations aided," identified as a measure of the effectiveness of the forensic DNA banks. The results showed that the 1% increase in the variables "forensic unknown profiles" and "profiles of suspected perpetrators or legal profiles," mediated by "hits," was significant to produce "investigations aided." As for the variable "profiles of convicted offenders," there was no evidence that it contributed significantly to the increase in "hits" and "investigations aided." The study demonstrated that the increase in "forensic unknown profiles" by 126 and "profiles of suspected perpetrators or legal profiles" by 14 led to 12 "hits" in the RIBPG, offering support to 4 cases. The variable "profiles of convicted offenders" did not show significant results in terms of "hits" and "investigations aided."

A relação entre demanda e desempenho dos magistrados: investigação de um modelo funcional em forma de U invertido / La relación entre la demanda y el desempeño de los magistrados: investigación de un modelo funcional en forma de U invertida / The relationship between demand and performance of magistrates: investigation of a functional model in the form of an inverted U

Resumo A hipótese da produtividade exógena aponta a relação entre quantidade de juízes e desempenho como linear, porém várias fragilidades vêm sendo apontadas, como o limite de produção dos juízes. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é testar se o desempenho dos juízes em relação à demanda tem um modelo funcional em forma de U invertido. Os dados usados na pesquisa compreendem os anos de 2009 a 2019. Os resultados foram estatisticamente significantes para todas as variáveis analisadas, tanto para a justiça estadual quanto para a trabalhista, confirmando a hipótese de que o desempenho e a demanda judicial podem responder a um modelo funcional em forma de U invertido. A confirmação da hipótese de pesquisa traz luz à discussão sobre como a pressão da demanda afeta o desempenho e como elas se relacionam. Este artigo discutiu e endossou as conclusões de outros autores sobre fragilidades e incongruências da hipótese da produtividade exógena para o Judiciário. Há evidências empíricas de que o aumento da demanda judicial pressiona o aumento de desempenho dos juízes, mas esse crescimento tem limites, e a partir de determinado ponto isso pode declinar e afetar negativamente o desempenho.

Resumen La hipótesis de la productividad exógena indica que la relación entre el número de jueces y el rendimiento es lineal, pero se han señalado varios puntos débiles, como el límite de producción de los jueces. En vista de ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar para los tribunales estatales y laborales si la actuación del juez en relación con la demanda tiene un modelo funcional en forma de U invertida. Los datos utilizados en la investigación abarcan los años 2009 a 2019. Los resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos para todas las variables analizadas tanto para los tribunales estaduales como para los laborales confirmando la hipótesis de que el rendimiento y la demanda judicial pueden responder a un modelo funcional en forma de U invertida. La confirmación de la hipótesis de la investigación arroja luz sobre la discusión sobre cómo la presión de la demanda afecta al rendimiento y cómo se relacionan. La contribución de este trabajo fue discutir y refrendar las conclusiones de otros autores sobre las debilidades e incongruencias de la hipótesis de la productividad exógena del poder judicial. Hay pruebas empíricas de que el aumento de la demanda judicial ejerce presión sobre el aumento del rendimiento de los jueces, pero este crecimiento tiene límites y a partir de cierto punto puede disminuir y afectar negativamente al rendimiento.

Abstract The hypothesis of exogenous productivity points to the relationship between the number of judges and performance as linear. However, several weaknesses have been pointed out, such as the production limit of the judges. Therefore, this work aims to test if the performance of judges related' to demand has an inverted U functional model. The data used in the research comprise the years from 2009 to 2019. The results were statistically significant for all variables analyzed for both state and labor courts, confirming the hypothesis that performance and judicial demand may respond to an inverted U functional model. Confirming the research hypothesis sheds light on the discussion of how demand affects performance and how they relate. The contribution of this work lies in the discussion and endorsing the conclusions of other authors concerning weaknesses and incongruities of the hypothesis of exogenous productivity for the judiciary. There is empirical evidence that the increase in judicial demand pressures the increase in the performance of judges, but this increase has limits, and after a certain point, this can decline and negatively affect performance.

Legal, normativo e responsivo: frames no debate sobre a reforma dos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros / Legal, normativo y responsivo: frames en el debate sobre la reforma de los tribunales de cuentas brasileños / Legal, normative, and responsive frames in the debate about the reform of Brazilian Courts of Accounts

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever os frames (enquadramentos) associados ao processo de mobilização em torno do debate sobre a reforma dos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros (TCs) no período de 2000 a 2017. Por meio de legitimacy accounts (assertivas de legitimidade) de atores legais e não legais foram identificados três frames: legal, associado à regulação, ressignificação e conformidade legal dos TCs; normativo, relacionado à transição da gestão política à competência técnica dos TCs e; responsivo, ligado à visibilidade social dos TCs. Os dados analisados consideraram discursos parlamentares, audiências públicas, debates, notícias e entrevistas com representantes de segmentos específicos como corporações profissionais, mídia, academia e sociedade civil organizada. Os achados lançam luz sobre a natureza processual da legitimidade em organizações institucionalizadas, como é o caso dos TCs, e destacam: a emergência das corporações profissionais enquanto entes mobilizadores das três esferas de segmentação; o surgimento de tônica cerimonialista em aspectos fomentadores do comportamento interoganizacional e; o aumento progressivo da responsividade ligada ao campo como decorrência do ingresso de segmentos específicos da sociedade no debate. Os resultados aprofundam a natureza político-discursiva da mudança institucional.

Resumen Esta investigación describe los marcos (frames) asociados al proceso de movilización en torno al debate sobre la reforma de los tribunales de cuentas (TC) brasileños en el período de 2000 a 2017. A través de los relatos de legitimidad de los actores legales y no legales, se identificaron tres marcos: legal, asociado a la regulación, resignificación y cumplimiento legal de los TC; normativo, asociado a la transición de la gestión política a la competencia técnica de los TC; y responsivo, asociado a la visibilidad social de los TC. Para el análisis de los datos se consideraron los discursos parlamentarios, audiencias públicas, debates, noticias y entrevistas con representantes de segmentos específicos, como corporaciones profesionales, medios de comunicación, academia y sociedad civil organizada. Las conclusiones arrojan luz sobre la dimensión procesal de la legitimidad en los tribunales y ponen de relieve: el surgimiento de las corporaciones profesionales como movilizadoras de las tres esferas de la segmentación; la aparición de un tono ceremonial en aspectos que fomentan el comportamiento interoganizacional y el aumento progresivo de la capacidad de respuesta vinculada al campo como resultado de la entrada de segmentos específicos de la sociedad en el debate. Los resultados profundizan el carácter político-discursivo del cambio institucional.

Abstract: This research describes the frames associated with the mobilization process around the debate about the reform of Brazilian Courts of Accounts (TCs) from 2000 to 2017. Through legitimacy accounts of legal and non-legal actors, three frames were identified: legal, associated with regulation, reframing, and legal compliance of TCs; normative, associated with the transition from political management to the technical competence of TCs and; responsive, associated with the social visibility of TCs. The data consisted of parliamentary speeches, public hearings, debates, news broadcasts, and interviews with representatives of specific segments such as professional corporations, media, academia, and organized civil society. The findings shed light on the procedural dimension of legitimacy in Justice organizations and highlight the emergence of professional corporations as mobilizing entities in the three spheres of segmentation; the emergence of a ceremonial tonic in aspects that promote inter-organizational behavior, and; the progressive increase in responsiveness linked to the field as a result of the entry of specific segments of society in the debate. The results deepen the political-discursive nature of institutional change.

Resources, innovation and performance in labor courts in Brazil / Recursos, innovación y desempeño en los tribunales laborales en Brasil / Recursos, inovação e desempenho na Justiça do Trabalho no Brasil

Abstract This article examines the relationships between resources, innovation, and performance in courts. Data from 24 Brazilian labor courts covering the period between 2003 and 2013 were used to develop theoretical/empirical models using Data Envelopment Analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. The results indicate that there was improvement in the performance of the courts during the period examined. This improvement owed more to the adoption of innovations than to variation in technical efficiency. Critical periods for the adoption of the electronic judicial process (in 2006 and 2012) had a negative impact on the index related to innovation adoption. The stochastic model shows that court size and investment in the training of personnel are key factors for explaining the variation in the efficiency of the courts.

Resumen El presente estudio examina las relaciones entre los recursos, la innovación y el desempeño en los tribunales. Se utilizaron datos de 24 tribunales laborales brasileños que cubrían el período comprendido entre 2003 y 2013 para desarrollar modelos teóricos/empíricos utilizando el análisis por envoltura de datos y análisis de frontera estocástica. Los resultados indican que hubo mejoras en el desempeño de los tribunales durante el período examinado. Esta mejora se debe más a la adopción de innovaciones que a la variación en la eficiencia técnica. Los períodos críticos para la adopción del proceso judicial electrónico (en 2006 y 2012) tuvieron un impacto negativo en el índice relacionado con la adopción de la innovación. El modelo estocástico muestra que el tamaño de la corte y la inversión en la formación del personal son factores clave para explicar la variación en la eficiencia de los tribunales.

Resumo O presente estudo examina as relações entre recursos, inovação e desempenho em tribunais. Foram utilizados dados de 24 tribunais trabalhistas brasileiros no período entre 2003 e 2013. Foram desenvolvidos modelos teóricos/empíricos utilizando a análise envoltória de dados e a análise de fronteira estocástica. Os resultados indicam que houve melhora no desempenho dos tribunais durante o período estudado. Essa melhoria deve-se mais em função da adoção de inovações do que da variação da eficiência técnica. Os períodos críticos para a adoção do processo judicial eletrônico (em 2006 e 2012) tiveram um impacto negativo no índice relacionado com a adoção de inovação. O modelo estocástico indicou que o tamanho do tribunal e o investimento na formação de pessoal foram fatores-chave para explicar a variação na eficiência dos tribunais.